Should we do away with political labels? That is what many advocate in the midst of the political controversies and congressional stalemates. A few years ago, a NO LABELS movement got some traction arguing that we need to stop fighting and start fixing our problems.
As much as all of us would like to see progress on governmental issues, political positions and political labels are rooted in reality. Yuval Levin was on my program to talk about his book, The Great Debate. He takes us back to the origin of the left/right debate by looking at the positions of Thomas Paine and Edmund Burke. Their contrasting worldviews illustrate some of the differences today we see in political positions and labels.
Are human beings naturally good or evil? Thomas Paine would say that human beings are born good and only corrupted by social and political institutions. He would agree with the perspective of Jean Jacques Rousseau in The Social Contract. By contrast, Edmund Burke argued that without some accountability, humans tend toward corruption.
The implication of this view is significant. James Madison argued in Federalist Paper #51 that government is “the greatest of all reflections on human nature. If men were angels, no government would be necessary.”
Take another question. What is the proper role of government? Thomas Paine believed that government should promote autonomy. It should free individuals from external constraints. Edmund Burke, on the other hand, argued that government should strengthen communal bonds. He believed that most of our needs were met within the family and church and civil society. Government, therefore, exists to protect those institutions.
The framers of our government attempted to limit the federal government. James Madison explains why they created both horizontal and vertical distributions of power with checks and balances. He said: “Ambition must be made to counteract ambition.”
This book once again reminds us that worldviews matter and political positions and labels are significant.